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Latex piezoelectric immunoassay (LPEIA) is a new immunoassay method that requires no immobilization of antigen or antibody on the electrode surface, in contrast to earlier immunoassays in which a piezoelectric crystal is used as a microbalance and immobilization is essential. The mechanism of the frequency change observed during the aggregation of antibody- or antigen-coated latex particles is discussed here. LPEIA was used for the detection of C-reactive protein, antistreptolysin O antibody and rheumatoid factor, and is sufficiently sensitive for clinical applications. This method is adaptable and ideal for environmental analysis because of its portability and cost-effectiveness.